Silybum
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Silybum Adans. [Compositae-Cichorioideae-Cardueae-Carduinae]
2 S & W Eur., N Afr.; sometimes intr.

FWO
family
Compositae
5 subfamilies
17786 species

Asteroideae
Asteroideaeunassigne
Barnadesioideae
Cichorioideae
Cichorioideaenotassi
 subfamily
Cichorioideae
2 tribes
3648 species

Cardueae
Mutisieae
 tribe
Cardueae
4 subtribes
1498 species

Carlininae
Centaureinae
Echinopsidinae
 subtribe
Carduinae
24 genera
1282 species

Aegopordon
1
SW As.
Alfredia
5
C-E As.
Anacantha
2
C As.
Ancathia
1
C As., China, Mongolia
Arctium
10
OW temp., widely intr.
Carduus
90
uras., N & E Afr., widely intr.
Cirsium
250
Euras., N & E Afr., N Am., widely intr.
Cousinia
500
E Medit. to C As. & W Himal.
Cynara
8
S Eur. and N Afr. to Turkey, Middle East & Iran
Dolomiaea
12
Tibet, Himal.
Galactites
3
S Eur., Canary Is., N Afr.
Jurinea
20
S & E Eur., SW & C As., Algeria, Marocco
Lamyropappus
1
C As.
Myopordon
5
Turkey, Middle East to Iran
Nikitinia
1
Turkmenistan to Iran
Olgaea
15
Afghanistan, C As., China, Mongolia
Onopordum
50
Eur., SW & C As., N Afr., Canary Is., intr. elsewhere
Outreya
1
Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
Pilostemon
2
Afghanistan, C As., China
Saussurea
300
Euras., esp. C As., 1 ext. to N Aus.; few in NW N Am.
Schmalhausenia
1
C As.
Silybum
2
S & W Eur., N Afr.; sometimes intr.
Tyrimnus
1
S. Eur., Medit., Turkey, Middle East
Xanthopappus
1
NW China, Mongolia
 
3449432 949259 Silybum eburneum Coss. & Durieu
E.S.C. Cosson, J.F.G. Barratte, Ill. Fl. atlant., vol. 2(6): : t. 142, fig. 1-9 (1893)
 
2849452 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
Common Weeds S. Afr.: ()
 
1536232 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J.E. Smith, Engl. Bot., ed. 3, vol. 5 : t. 681 (1866)
 
3438692 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J. Bourdichon, Grandes Heures: p. 252 (1503-1508)
 
3600012 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
E.S.C. Cosson, J.F.G. Barratte, Ill. Fl. atlant., vol. 2(6): : t. 142, fig. 10,11 (1893)
 
3932842 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
R. Dodoens [Dodonaeus ], Stirp. Hist. Pempt.: p. 710, fig. 1 (1583)
 
1263122 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J.W. Weinmann, Phytanthoza iconogr., vol. 2 : t. 313, fig. a (1739) [unsigned]
 
4376162 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
Woodblocks Plantin-Moretus: t. 6744MPM.HB.06744 (1553-1601)
 
1949292 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
M.B. Valentini, Viridarium reformatorum, vol. 1 : p. 435 (1719)
 
3695232 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
P. Dioscorides, De Materia Medica (Codex Neapolitanus): t. 132, fig. 2 (620)
 
2146692 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
A.G. Dietrich, Fl. Boruss., vol. 8 : t. 522 (1840) [A.G. Dietrich]
 
1622182 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
K.R. Kirtikar, B.D. Basu, Ind. Med. Pl., Plates, vol. 3 : t. 549, fig. A (1918)
 
1494262 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
O.W. Thomé, Fl. Deutschl., vol. 4 : t. 596 (1885)
 
4269832 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
Gottorfer Codex, vol. 4 : t. 21, fig. b (1649-1659) [H.S. Holtzbecker]
 
4208512 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
A. Fiori, G. Paoletti, Iconogr. Fl. Ital.: p. 469, t. 3727, fig. 5 (1895-1904)
 
4257232 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [80 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J. Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl., vol. 2 : t. 162, fig. 1 (1791)
 
3773456 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
M. de Lobel, Pl. Strip. Icon., vol. 2 : p. 7, fig. 2 (1581)
 
3502126 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J.B.P.A. de Monet de Lamarck, J.L.M. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl., vol. 3 (tt, 501-750): t. 661, fig. 1 (1823) [Marechal]
 
3538096 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
Iconogr. Taurinensis: (1752-1868)
 
4951326 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
N.F. Regnault, Botanique, vol. 1 : t. 117 (1774)
 
4408666 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
R. Dodoens [Dodonaeus ], Stirp. Hist. Comment., vol. 2(): : p. 62 (1553-1554)
 
3282366 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
P.J. Buchoz, Traité Hist. Pl. Lorraine: t. 47 (1762-1770)
 
2302086 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
H.E. Baillon, Hist. Pl., vol. 8 : p. 6, fig. 6,7 (1882) [A. Faguet]
 
1639086 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
W. Curtis, Fl. Londin., vol. 3 : t. 54[148] (1778)
 
758696 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
F.P. Chaumeton, Fl. Med., vol. 2 (nouvelle publication): t. 111 (1829)
 
4754866 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
M.S. Merian, Erucarum ortus, vol. 3(): : t. 15 (1717) [M.S. Merian]
 
3961406 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
G.T. Wilhelm, Unterh. Naturgesch. Pflanzenr., vol. 9 : t. 11, fig. 14,15 (1820)
 
2607286 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
Coll. Vélins Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 32 (Compositae): t. 18 () [unsigned]
 
4450516 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
P. Dioscorides, De materia medica (Codex Vindobonensis): p. 293 (512)
 
1844486 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
L. Fuchs, New Kreüterbuch (Fuchs): t. 31 (1543)
 
1189216 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
E. Blackwell, Cur. Herbal, vol. 1 : t. 79 (1737) [E. Blackwell]
 
2287506 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
F.E. Guérin-Méneville, Dict. Pittores. Hist. Nat., vol. 2 : t. 95, fig. 7 (1835)
 
1509326 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J. Zorn, D.L. Oskamp, Afb. Arts.-Gew., vol. 2 : t. 150 (1796)
 
777176 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
E. Blackwell, Herb. Blackwell., vol. 1 (tt 1-100): t. 79 (1747)
 
1368586 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J. Kops, Fl. Bat., vol. 11 : t. 866 (1853)
 
3964536 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
J. Zorn, Icon. Pl. Med., vol. 2 : t. 130 (1780)
 
3214746 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
T.F.L. Nees von Esenbeck, M.F. Wijhe (Weyhe), Pl. Medicin., vol. 1 : (1828) [A. Henry]
 
4761096 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
M.S. Merian, , vol. 3(): : t. 15 (1717) [M.S. Merian]
 
4382326 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
Woodblocks Plantin-Moretus: t. 7358MPM.HB.07358 (1553-1601)
 
4756146 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
M.S. Merian, Watercolours: t. 15 (1717) [M.S. Merian]
 
3532686 949266 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner [125 195740 Carduus marianus L.]
F.G. Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew., vol. 7 : t. 31 (1821)
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